Park Regulations & Safety

Cell Phones

Don't Depend on it

Limited cell phone coverage is available in the Big Bend area. Reception depends on both the service you use and your location within the park; lower elevations and mountains often block signals. Do not depend on your phone to work in the Chisos Basin or remote portions of the park.

Have a backup communications plan

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Be a Courteous User
Many of your fellow visitors to Big Bend have come here to escape the trapping of modern life, such as cell phones. As a courtesy to other visitors, please turn off your cell phone in visitor centers and on all trails.

Permits

Backcountry Permits
Backcountry Use Permits are required for all backcountry overnight camping, horse/stock use, and river use. Permits are obtainable at all visitor centers. Backcountry permits must be obtained in person at park visitor centers up to 24 hours in advance of the trip.

A backcountry use fee of $10.00 per permit is charged for all overnight use, with all revenue being used for backcountry-related projects.

Research Permits

Many researchers have been drawn to Big Bend National Park's unique landscape. Unique geology, diverse flora and fauna, and a long record of human habitation all provide opportunities to increase the scientific knowledge about the natural and cultural resources found here. The National Park Service recognizes the scientific value of parks and encourages research when it is consistent with NPS policies; some of our current research needs are highlighted in one of the links to the right.

An additional emphasis on research here is the designation of Big Bend National Park as a Biosphere Reserve in 1976. The United Nations Man and the Biosphere Program fosters harmonious relationships between humans and the biosphere through domestic and international cooperation in interdisciplinary research.

Last year, scientists worked on over 100 studies in Big Bend, one of the most studied parks in the National Park System. Each spring, research from the past year is summarized in an Annual Investigator's Report.

All investigators interested in conducting research in national parks  MUST apply for a resource activity permit.

Accessibility

We hope this information will be useful in planning your visit. We are continually working to upgrade facilities for accessibility and to improve park access for all visitors. While not all facilities are fully accessible, park rangers are happy to assist any visitor with special needs.

If you have comments or suggestions about facilities, services, or programs, please let us know. For more information, call Big Bend National Park at (432) 477-2251 (voice) or (432) 477-2370 (TDD) or write to: Superintendent, Big Bend National Park P.O. Box 129, Big Bend National Park, Texas 79834.

Click here to view a summary of this information in a pdf file format.

Visitor Centers
The Panther Junction Visitor Center has reserved parking and is accessible by ramp. The restrooms, exhibit area, bookstore, information desk, pay telephone, and drinking fountain are fully wheelchair-accessible. A large relief map of the park is available and can be touched. A TDD is available on request. Rangers are on duty to answer questions and assist visitors.

The Chisos Basin Visitor Center has reserved parking and is accessible by ramp. The exhibits, restrooms, and drinking fountain are fully wheelchair-accessible. Information is available in a variety of formats including audio and visual. Exhibits and audio information are available in English and Spanish. Interactive computer exhibits are closed-captioned.

The Persimmon Gap Visitor Center has reserved parking and is accessible by ramp. The exhibits, bookstore, restrooms, pay phone, and drinking fountain are all fully wheelchair-accessible.

The Rio Grande Village Visitor Center has reserved parking and is accessible by ramp. The exhibit area, bookstore, audiovisual room, restrooms, and pay phone are designed for full wheelchair-accessibility.

The Castolon Visitor Center has reserved parking and is accessible by ramp. The exhibits, bookstore and restrooms are all fully wheelchair-accessible.

Campgrounds
Cottonwood Campground at Castolon has wheelchair-accessible vault toilets. Although campsites are not accessible, some are level and useable by people in wheelchairs.

Chisos Basin Campground site #36 is fully accessible for wheelchair users. The adjoining restroom is also accessible.

Rio Grande Village Campground site #14 is fully accessible. The adjoining restroom is also accessible.

During busy periods, designated accessible campsites are reserved for disabled campers until 6 p.m. If the campgrounds are full an accessible site may not be available.

Picnic Areas
The Dugout Wells Picnic Area has accessible tables and an accessible vault toilet.

The Persimmon Gap Picnic Area has accessible tables and an accessible vault toilet.

Trails
Panther Path, a short, self-guiding nature trail at Panther Junction, is rough, but level and useable by people in wheelchairs. An accompanying brochure explains Chihuahuan Desert plants.

The Window View Trail, a 0.3 mile self-guiding trail in the Chisos Basin, fully accessible to wheelchairs, provides outstanding views of the window formation and the Chisos Mountains. A booklet explains the Chisos Basin.

Rio Grande Village Nature Trail boardwalk (the first 1/4 mile of the trail), is wheelchair accessible. The trail is an excellent place for observing birds and aquatic plants and animals. A self-guiding booklet is available.

Vault toilets at the Boquillas Canyon, Santa Elena Canyon, and Hot Springs trailhead areas are accessible, although rugged terrain precludes wheelchairs on the trails. The Santa Elena Canyon river take-out also has wheelchair-accessible vault toilets.

Programs
The Rio Grande Village Amphitheater is wheelchair-accessible. Rangers present evening slide programs frequently in winter and spring.

The Chisos Basin Amphitheater is accessible by ramp, although some grades are steep due to rugged terrain. The amphitheater itself is designed for wheelchair use. Rangers present evening slide programs on a periodic basis year-round.

The Panther Junction Auditorium is fully accessible for scheduled events.

The Cottonwood Amphitheater is wheelchair-accessible. Rangers present evening programs here in winter and spring.

Nature Walks presented on the Window View Trail are accessible. Most other guided walks are not wheelchair-accessible due to rough terrain.

Check weekly activity schedules for information regarding the accessibility of other ranger-led activities.

Scenic Overlooks
Most scenic overlooks and wayside exhibits are accessible to wheelchair users. Where possible, reserved parking is provided.

Concession Facilities
The Chisos Mountains Lodge gift shop and restaurant are wheelchair-accessible. Wheelchair accessible restrooms are available adjacent to the main lodge building. Some guest rooms are wheelchair-accessible, and some are equipped with visual fire alarms for hearing-impaired guests.

The Rio Grande Village Store is fully accessible, as are the shower facilities and laundry. The restrooms are equipped with grab bars, but are not fully accessible.

The Chisos Basin Store and the historic La Harmonia Store at Castolon are both wheelchair-accessible.

Contact Forever Resorts at (432) 477-2291 for more information about concession facilities.

Outfitters
The following rafting companies offer float trips for disabled visitors. Please contact them in advance.

Access Passports
The Golden Access Passport is a free lifetime entrance permit to all federal parks, monuments, and recreation areas. It also provides a 50% reduction of camping fees. The Golden Access Passport is issued to United States residents who are blind or permanently disabled. Inquire at the Persimmon Gap or Maverick Entrance Station, or the Panther Junction Visitor Center.

Film Permits

The National Park Service (NPS) is mandated to "conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wildlife therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such a manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations." (16 U.S.C. 1) For this purpose the Department of the Interior developed RM-53, which governs filming, photography and sound recordings in National Parks. Under these guidelines NPS units have the authority and responsibility to manage, permit and/or deny filming, photography and sound recordings in ways consistent with park management and mission.

It is the policy of the NPS to allow commercial photography, still photography, filming and sound recordings to the fullest extent possible while providing for the protection of park resources and ensuring the enjoyment of those resources by park visitors. Permits are required for any project that generates an electronic media, film, still photography or video production for television, the motion picture industry, public interest or private multi-media which consists of production crews and vehicles, broadcast equipment, props/sets, talent/actors, construction, trailers, housing, animals, or aircraft. Projects may involve feature films, documentaries, game shows, soaps operas, shopping networks, religious telecasts, talk shows, docu-dramas, travelogues, commercials, infomercials, public TV presentations, or DVD's, CDs, CDRoms or videos for training, sales, education, promotions, entertainment, etc.

Private individuals engaged in photography for their own personal use and enjoyment generally do not need a film permit. Commercial still photography does require a permit.

Survive the Sun

In all seasons, whether walking, backpacking, or day hiking, follow these tips to conserve your internal water reserves:

REDUCE YOUR ACTIVITY
During the warmest days, generally from May through August, avoid hiking in the lower elevations during the heat of the day — generally from 10:00 am to 6:00 pm.

FIND SHADE
Shade in the desert means the difference between excessive heat gain from the radiant sun and sheer comfort. In an emergency, a person resting in the shade will survive longer than someone exposed to the sun.

DRINK YOUR WATER
Don’t try to conserve the drinking water you have. Whether strolling in the Basin, or hiking the South Rim Trail, you must DRINK your available water. Carry plenty of drinking water — at least 1 gallon per person per day. Balance your food and water intake. Eat a salty snack every time you take a drink of water.

REDUCE ALCOHOL & CAFFEINE INTAKE
Water is the best remedy for dehydration and listlessness. The diuretic effects of caffeine and alcohol can result in an accelerated loss of body water.

PROTECT YOUR BODY
Our sensitive skin burns easily; it needs shade, sunscreen, sunglasses, a widebrimmed hat, and proper footwear. Dehydration is accelerated by exposed skin, so keep your clothing on. Wear long-sleeved, loose-fitting, light-colored clothes.

How NOT to die in the Desert

With over 800, 000 acres of remote desert and mountains, visitors to Big Bend can wander and explore to their hearts’ content. But with this freedom comes risk. Every year, park staff must rescue hikers who either underestimate the terrain and/or temperatures or overestimate their own abilities. This environment is not forgiving; hikers have died here after going just a few hours without water.

These are just a few examples of how a simple vacation turned disastrous for previous visitors:

• In June 1957, a vehicle became stuck on the River Road. After attempts to dig it out failed, the occupants decided to walk out. The temperature that day was 114 degrees. The man walked 10 miles before dying from heat stroke. The woman left the road and found a spring, where she survived for 6 days before being rescued.
• One weekend in May, a family set out on the Marufo Vega Trail, a rugged, steep, 14-mile route that is best done in the winter. They did not have a map and soon lost the trail. After hiking cross-country for several hours, they ran out of water and had to drink unfiltered water from the Rio Grande. Rangers found them attempting to walk upstream through Boquillas Canyon to reach the trailhead.
• In May of 2004, a man became disoriented while hiking the Grapevine Hills Trail. Since the trail is fairly short (just over 2 miles round-trip), he apparently did not take any water with him. Rangers found his body the next morning less than a half-mile from the road.

Each of these incidents could have been easily prevented with just a little bit of planning. Before heading out on your own adventure, consider how you can prevent your trip from turning into a tragedy.

1. Talk to park staff. Find out about road and trail conditions, get trip advice, and buy the maps and guidebooks you need. Check the weather forecast, too.
2. Let someone know where you’re going. Call family or friends at home to let them know your plans. Tell the camp hosts in the campground. Leave a note on your car stating where you’re going hiking and when you expect to return.
3. Make sure your vehicle is in good condition and has a spare tire, a working jack, and other emergency equipment. Take extra water, food, and sleeping bags just in case. If you’re on foot, make sure all of your hiking and camping gear is in good shape.
4. If your vehicle breaks down or gets stuck, stay with it! It is much easier for rangers to find a car on a road than a person walking through the desert.
5. Know how to signal for help. Cell phones may not work here, so don’t count on being able to call out. Whistles, air horns, mirrors, and flares are all good attention-getters. While wood fires are not normally permitted in the park, they can be an effective signaling method of last resort, since the smoke can be seen for miles and will certainly get the attention of park rangers.

Have fun exploring Big Bend, but remember that YOU are responsible for your own safety. Plan ahead and stay alive!

Safety in the Sun
Even on short hikes, always take water or a sports drink. Wear a hat and loose-fitting long sleeves and long pants, and use sunscreen on all exposed skin.

Never underestimate the importance of drinking enough water out here. In Big Bend’s arid climate, your body loses water much faster than usual. Even a little physical activity, particularly in the heat of the day, greatly accelerates water loss. Headache, tiredness, and crankiness are signs that dehydration has already set in. (Thirst is an unreliable indicator; you may already be dehydrated before feeling thirsty.) Start your day in Big Bend well-hydrated, and continue to drink non-caffeinated and non-alcoholic beverages throughout the day.

Food is important, too, in order to replace the electrolytes that your body loses through sweating. Salty snacks help to maintain the electrolyte balance.

Area Kennels

This listing of area kennels and veterinary services is a service to our visitors and implies no endorsement by the National Park Service or Big Bend National Park.

• Terlingua Creek Kennels, (Terlingua)—(432) 371-2348
  30 miles from park headquarters.
• Red Woof Inn of the Big Bend, Alpine, Texas—(432) 837-7475
  100 miles from park headquarters.
• Alpine Veterinary Clinic (Dr. Ray Allen), Alpine, Texas—(432) 837-3888
  100 miles from park headquarters.
• Alpine Small Animal Clinic, Alpine, Texas—(432) 837-5416
  100 miles from park headquarters.

Border Patrol Checkpoints

Checkpoints operated by U.S. Customs and Border Protection are located on all north/south highways leading to and from the Big Bend area. These checkpoints are staffed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

Each vehicle traveling north is met at the checkpoint by a Border Patrol agent for a quick visual inspection and brief questions to determine citizenship. The process is routine, and most stops average less than a minute in duration.

Foreign nationals planning to visit the Big Bend region should be sure to carry the appropriate documentation to avoid unnecessary delays, as Border Patrol agents are required to determine the immigration status of every traveler.

Types of Backcountry Use

All overnight backcountry use requires a backcountry use permit. Certain types of day-use (horses/stock or river use) also require a free backcountry permit.

Hiking/Backpacking
Big Bend National park is a hiker’s paradise containing the largest expanse of roadless public lands in Texas. More than 150 miles of trails offer opportunities for day hikes or backpacking trips. For more experienced hikers, the lure of the desert can be answered by hiking and camping off-trail.

High Chisos Designated sites
Backpackers in the Chisos Mountains can choose from a number of designated backcountry sites along the trails of the High Chisos. You choose a specific site for each night. All High Chisos sites have food storage lockers.

Open Zone Camping
Open zone camping permits are available for backpackers who wish to camp outside of the Chisos Mountains. The park is divided into a number of zones ranging from areas along popular trails to extremely isolated areas. Zone camping requires that you:

Horses in the Backcountry

Visitors are welcome to bring and use their horses in the park. A backcountry-use permit is required and may be obtained in person at any of the park’s visitor centers up to 24 hours in advance of the trip. Every horse user should obtain a copy of the regulations regarding use of horses in the park. All livestock must meet state vaccination requirements. Copies of vaccination documents must be in your possession.

There are no horses or pack animals for hire in or near the park; you must bring your own stock. All rides require thorough preparation. Improper equipment, poor conditioning, and disregard for weather conditions can result in an unpleasant or dangerous ride. Respect for the environment you ride through will help further the mission of protecting park resources for you and for future generations.

Where Can You Ride?
While horses are not permitted on paved roads or road shoulders, all gravel roads are open to horses. Cross-country travel is permitted in the park, except in the Chisos Mountains where horse use is limited to the Laguna Meadow, Southwest Rim, and Blue Creek trails. Horses are not permitted in picnic areas, on nature trails, the Santa Elena and Boquillas Canyon Trails, or the Pine Canyon Trail. The Chisos Mountain and Burro Mesa trails are day-use only.

Food and Water
Grazing within the park is not permitted, so you must bring your own feed. Stock may be watered in the Rio Grande and at springs that are not used for domestic water supply. Be prepared to haul water for your stock as springs are unreliable, especially during winter months. Check current spring conditions at a visitor center when you arrive. All horse manure and feed remnants must be removed from the park

Camping with Horses
You may camp with your horses at many of the park’s primitive road campsites. The Hannold Draw campsite, located 4.8 miles north of Panther Junction, is a primitive campsite with a corral large enough for 8 horses. If you plan to bring horses to the park, you may reserve this campsite up to 10 weeks in advance by calling 432 477-1158.

Permit Information

These permits, known as a Commercial Use Authorization (CUA), are issued by the park Superintendent to permit certain commercial activities in National Park Service areas, including Big Bend National Park / Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River. Permits are required of all operators who provide any and all goods, activities, agreements or other services to the general public which take place, at least in part, in the park, uses park resources and are undertaken for or results in compensation, monetary gain, benefit or profit to an individual, organization or corporation, whether or not such entity is organized for purposes recognized as non-profit under local, state or federal law. This includes educational institutions.

The commercial aspects of the services, except for the service itself, must occur outside of the park. This includes marketing, advertising, use or construction of temporary or permanent structures, the negotiation of compensation with the customer, or the solicitation or receipt of money or other compensation.

CUA's are issued for a period of one year. The effective date of the permit coincides with the Park's fiscal year (FY). Each fiscal year starts October 1 and ends September 30 of the following year. For example, permits issued for FY 2009 are effective from October 1, 2008 through September 30, 2009.

To obtain a Commercial Use Authorization, commercial operators must complete an Application. Initially, a fee of $500 is required to process an application for river use (a one-time $100 Application Fee and an annual $400 Administrative Fee). An initial fee of $400 is required for a non-river use CUA (a one-time $100 Application Fee and an annual $300 Administrative Fee)

A One-Trip Special Use permit is now available to organizations that plan to operate only one trip in Big Bend National Park/Rio Grande Wild & Scenic River annually. Initially a fee of $300 is required to process your application (a one-time application fee of $100 and a per trip fee of $200).

The application indicates authorized activities within the park. You may list as many activities as you intend to operate under your permit. Special Conditions may be attached to your permit for each activity selected. These conditions will further define your requirements for operating in each of these areas.

Within sixty days after the end of each year, the CUA holder is required to submit accurate financial data concerning operations within the Park (Financial Report). Additionally, the CUA holder is required to submit accurate records of activities within the park, based on each and every trip conducted within park boundaries (Activity Summary).

Liability insurance is required on all Incidental Business Permits. All CUA holders, including educational institutions and non-profit organizations, are required to carry liability insurance that specifically lists the National Park Service as an "additional insured." A Certificate of Insurance must be received before the Permit is issued. The specific insurance requirements are attached to the application.

Law and policy require the National Park Service to recover the costs of managing and monitoring the Incidental Business Permit program. At the end of each permit year, each CUA holder authorized to conduct guided river trips or fishing trips will be sent a Bill of Collection to cover their pro rata share of the parks actual cost to monitor and/or perform needed functions to properly manage CUA river use. Fiscal year 2005's cost should not exceed $4.00 per user day. A "user day" is calculated by multiplying the number of clients by the number of days. (A "day" is defined as any portion of a 24-hour day). For example, if the IBP holder has two clients on a two day trip, this would equal four user days. These costs will be tabulated using the visitor use data submitted by the CUA holder (Activity Summary) and must accurately represent the activities within the park. These figures should be consistent with the group size limits and regulations pertaining to Backcountry/River Permits that the CUA holder is required to complete and submit for each of their trips. Road-based tours and all other authorizations will be charged on a case-by-case basis for actual costs incurred by the park due to the commercial operation.

Backcountry River Use

The Rio Grande follows the southern boundary of Big Bend National Park for 118 miles. In this distance it has carved three major canyons, Santa Elena, Mariscal, and Boquillas, which have rapids varying in difficulty from Class I to Class IV. Between the canyons, the river is generally slower paced. The Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River extends downstream beyond the park boundary for an additional 127 miles.

Got Equipment?
If you plan to take a river trip in Big Bend National Park, you may bring your own equipment, or you can hire a guide service: a number of local companies provide guide service and outfitting in the park—you may reserve a trip by contacting them directly.

Permits for River Use
If you plan to use your own equipment, you must obtain a backcountry-use permit at a park visitor center. Stop by the Panther Junction Visitor Center for your permit and for current river condition information prior to your trip.

Going solo?
Solo hikers/boaters/canoeists obtaining a backcountry camping permit are required to fill out and submit a Solo Hiker information sheet at the time they obtain their camping permit. This information sheet is designed for your safety and to assist searchers should you become lost or injured. Please take the time to fill it out completely.

Following your hike, you MUST return your permit to a visitor center

ATV use Prohibited

All-Terrain Vehicle Use Prohibited within Big Bend National Park

Please Remember:

• No "off-road" vehicle travel is allowed in Big Bend National Park. All vehicles must stay on established roadways.
• All vehicles driven in the park, on paved or unpaved roads, must be "street legal" in the state of Texas. The use of "ATV's" is prohibited in Big Bend National Park

Regulations concerning ATV use are not specifically addressed in 36 C.F.R. The use of such vehicles is governed by state law as outlined in 36 C.F.R. Section 4.2 — State Law Applicable. Section 4.2 (b) states that violating a provision of State law is prohibited.

Under the Texas Traffic Laws, Transportation Code — TRC section 663.037 the operation of an ATV on a public roadway is prohibited.

An ATV is defined as "a motor vehicle that is (A) equipped with a saddle for the use of the rider; (B) designed to propel itself with three or four tires in contact with the ground; and (C) designed by the manufacturer for off-highway use by the operator only.

If the vehicle meets this description, it cannot be driven on public roadways in Texas and it cannot be registered with the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles.

ALL BACKCOUNTRY ROADS IN BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK ARE PUBLIC ROADS. ALL VEHICLES DRIVEN ON THESE ROADS MUST BE STREET LEGAL ACCORDING TO THE TEXAS MOTOR VEHICLE LAWS.

Backcountry Permit Fee Information

Big Bend National Park requires a fee for all overnight backcountry use permits. This $10 per-permit fee will apply ONLY to overnight usage. No fee will apply to day use of the river or horse permits; however, permits will still be required for those uses.

Where does the money go?
100% of the backcountry use permit fee stays in Big Bend National Park. Funds raised by the fee are earmarked for backcountry-related projects such as hardening/improving river access points, backcountry campsite maintenance, and trail maintenance.

What is a “Permit”—a definition
For the purposes of the permit fee, and in accordance with CFR 1.6, the Superintendent’s Compendium, and the Backcountry Management Plan, a backcountry permit is defined as overnight backcountry use of one designated campsite or zone per night up to fourteen (14) consecutive nights.

Day-use Permits
Backcountry day use is not charged a fee; however, a no-fee permit is still required for certain types of day-use, such as stock use, or river trips.

Permit Changes
Permit changes (switching campsites) during a valid, continuous permit will be done with no additional charge. Visitors must produce their backcountry permit fee receipt for the change to be done free.

Permit Extensions
Adding days to an already written permit is considered a new permit, and a fee would be charged.

Unoccupied sites
Sites unoccupied for more than 24 hours can be considered open for reassignment to other visitors.

Some extreme examples
Situation: Visitor is planning a trip to include (in consecutive order) two nights in the Mule Ears Zone, three nights at K-Bar 2, three nights at Pine Canyon 4, two nights at Solis 3, a day-use river permit for Mariscal Canyon while at Solis, one night at Croton Spring 2, an overnight trip through Santa Elena Canyon, and a night at Terlingua Abajo 4.
Answer: Totaling thirteen nights, the $10 permit fee would be charged and multiple paper permits would be issued. Changes to this itinerary could be done without an additional fee, as long as the visitor retains the original permit fee receipt.

Situation: Visitor is planning a trip to include (in consecutive order) two nights in the Mule Ears Zone, three nights at K-Bar 2, three nights at Pine Canyon 4, two nights at Solis 3, a day-use river permit for Mariscal Canyon while at Solis, one night at the Rio Grande Village campground, an overnight trip through Santa Elena Canyon, and a night at Terlingua Abajo 4.
Answer: The $10 permit fee would be charged and a permit written for the trip up to the layover at Rio Grande Village. The visitor would have to come in later for a separate permit and fee for the later backcountry portion of their itinerary.

Backcountry Safety

For Your Safety:

• Carry adequate drinking water—at least 1 gallon per person/per day. Carry additional water for your vehicle.
• Camp 100 yards from dry washes or stream beds. Flash floods may occur without warning, even if you do not see rain.
• Technical climbing is dangerous. Most rock in the park is unstable. (see Climbing Regulations).
• Designate a trip leader and follow the schedule on your backcountry permit. Always let someone know where you are going and when you plan to return.

Survive the Sun
Too much sun can be dangerous; take heat safety seriously.

Do not attempt cross-country travel without an experienced leader.
Maps, good boots, first aid and survival kits, and plenty of water are essential.

Be alert for poisonous snakes and insects.
Watch where you place you hands and feet, always carry a flashlight at night, and shake out your shoes and clothes before putting them on. Remember that snakes and insects are also protected in the park--do not harm or harass them.

Learn how to prevent hazardous encounters with wildlife.
Mountain lions and black bears are a natural part of the environment; be prepared for the possibility of an encounter. If you encounter a lion or bear, DO NOT RUN! Yell, scream, wave your arms, throw rocks or sticks, and look big. Keep children with you at all times. Report lion and bear sightings to a ranger.

Secure your food from bears and other wildlife.
Do not feed any wildlife. Keep your food in a hard-sided vehicle or a food storage locker. Ice chests are not animal-proof.

Lock your vehicle and safeguard your valuables.
Theft of property from unoccupied vehicles and campsites can be a problem in remote areas of the park. Check with a ranger.

Swimming or wading in the Rio Grande is not recommended.
Sudden dropoffs and unpredictable currents make the river potentially hazardous.

Report any illegal activity to a ranger.

Solo Hikers & Boaters

Going solo?

Solo backcountry users obtaining a backcountry camping permit are required to fill out and submit a Solo Hiker/Boater information sheet at the time they obtain their camping permit. This information sheet is designed for your safety and to assist searchers should you become lost or injured. Please take the time to fill it out completely.

Following your hike, you MUST return your permit to a visitor center within 12 hours of leaving the backcountry

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Border Crossing Status

Crossings Remain Closed
As a result of a 2002 US Customs and Border Protection decision, there are NO authorized crossings in Big Bend National Park. Crossing at Boquillas, Santa Elena, or other locations along the Rio Grande is prohibited. The closest legal ports of entry are Del Rio and Presidio, Texas.

The U.S. Attorney's Office has indicated that it will prosecute any criminal violations regarding any illegal crossings. If you re-enter the United States at any point within Big Bend National Park, you may be liable for a fine of not more than $5,000 or imprisonment for up to one year, or both.

Firearms Rules

If you are transporting firearms, you must notify the ranger or gate attendant on your arrival, and your firearm must be rendered inoperable before you enter the park. Individuals in possession of an operable firearm in a national park are subject to arrest.

Firearms are NOT permitted anywhere in the park's backcountry. Firearms brought through Big Bend National Park must be unloaded, broken down (temporarily inoperable), cased, and stored out of sight and reach, with ammunition separated from weapons while in the park (36 C.F.R. 2.4(a)(3)).

Food Storage

Campers in Big Bend's backcountry attract wildlife not only by their presence, but by the water and food they bring with them. Do your part to properly store food, water and other attactive items away from the reach of animals, whether you are backpcaking in the Chisos Mountains or camping at a primitive roadsite campsite.

Black bear, birds, javelina, skunks, kangaroo rats and other animals can and will explore your campsite looking for scraps of food.

There really are no problem animals—only problem people. With your help, wildlife and humans can live safely together in Big Bend.

Do not leave edible items unattended at any time. Carry everything with you or store it in a bear-proof locker and at roadside campsites in a hard-sided vehicle (with the windows rolled up).

NEVER leave edible items in your pack or take them into your tent at night. Do not eat in your tent.

Keep your camp clean of food scraps, grease, etc. Cook away from your sleeping area. Dispose of cooking water in the camper sinks in the Chisos Basin campground or well away from camp in the backcountry. Strain the water to insure that you are not dumping food scraps on the ground.

Pack out ALL trash, including food scraps and grease. Don't create a problem for the next campers. Do not leave food or trash in the storage locker.

Break down your tent when not in use. Wildife can be curious or attacted by food smells and may explore your tent, causing expensive damage. Leave backpacks open at night, too.

Getting a Permit

Backcountry-use permits
Big Bend offers a variety of primitive camping and backpacking options. A backcountry use permit is required and can be obtained in person at park visitor centers up to 24 hours in advance of the trip. The permit may be issued for up to 14 consecutive nights in the backcountry. See regulations and safety information for required information regarding backcountry use.

Permit Fee
A backcountry use fee of $10.00 per permit will be charged for all overnight use, with all revenue being used for backcountry-related projects.

Remember!
• You must have your vehicle license plate number to obtain a permit.
• Requests for permits or permit changes will not be taken over the phone.
• Permits may be obtained twenty-four hours in advance of your backcountry trip; advance reservations are not possible. 

Camping Limits

Visitors cannot camp at backcountry campsites for more than 14 consecutive nights, or for more than 28 nights (including both frontcountry and backcountry camping) in a calendar year, or at any one site for more than 14 nights in a calendar year.

 

 

Required Insurance

All Commercial Use Authorization permit holders are required by the National Park Service to have liability coverage for activities conducted within Big Bend National Park / Rio Grande Scenic River. The types of activities authorized and party sizes determine the types and minimum amounts of liability coverage required.

Comprehensive General Liability Coverage
Comprehensive General Liability (Commercial General Liability) coverage is required for all activities except Shuttle Service. This type of insurance coverage is usually sold as a Guides & Outfitters (G&O) policy. The minimum required liability coverage for bodily injury is $300,000 per occurrence; higher limits may be required for some activities.

Automobile Liability Coverage
Automobile liability coverage is required on vehicles/buses used for Shuttle Service, Bus/Vehicle Tours and Visitor Transportation regardless of whether the vehicle/bus is owned, non-owned, or hired.

If the CUA holder is using owned vehicles, the automobile liability policy must state “any vehicle”, “scheduled vehicles”, or “owned vehicles”. If the policy solely states “scheduled vehicles”, then only the vehicles listed on the policy are allowed to operate within the Park. A list of scheduled vehicles should be included on the certificate of insurance.

If the CUA holder is using non-owned vehicles i.e. rented vehicles, the automobile liability coverage must state “any vehicle” or “non-owned” vehicles.

If the CUA holder is using a hired vehicle i.e. contracted from a third party, the CUA holder is not required to carry automobile liability coverage for hired vehicle. The third party however is responsible for meeting minimum automobile liability requirements as set by the National Park Service.

If the CUA holder uses a vehicle solely for transporting employees or equipment within Park boundaries, the CUA holder is only required to maintain coverage as required by state regulations.

Watercraft Liability Coverage
Watercraft liability coverage is required for boating activities on waters within NPS areas. Depending on size, ownership, and use of the watercraft, this is covered by either a Protection and Indemnity (P&I) Liability policy or by a Comprehensive General Liability policy.

Worker's Compensation Coverage
All Commercial Use Authorization permit holders must carry worker’s compensation coverage as required by state law.

 

Border Safety

Periodic thefts have been known to occur from unattended vehicles left at locations along the river or in remote campsites or trailhead locations along the River Road. A few simple steps will help prevent damage to your vehicle and theft of contents.

• Secure belongings and lock your vehicle doors when away from your vehicle or the campsite for long periods of time.
• Leave nothing of value visible in your parked vehicle.

Motorcycle Safety

Every year park rangers investigate an increasing number of motorcycle accidents. Unfortunately, a significant number involve serious injuries.

Suggestions for Motorcycle Riding

Be alert
Animals may dart out from road edges. Other drivers may pay too much attention to the scenery and cross over the center line into your travel lane or may suddenly stop their vehicles in the middle of the road to observe wildlife. These and other unforeseen conditions can lead to motorcycle accidents.

Suggestions for Motorcycle Riding

• Watch for vehicles straying over the center line.
• Stay alert for sudden stops or traffic slow-downs, especially around scenic pullouts or other congested areas.
• Wear brightly colored clothing or jackets to increase visibility to other motorists.
• Be aware of road surfaces as you ride. Never over-ride the road conditions.
• Watch for wildlife at the road edge.
• Secure your motorcycle and valuables when you are away from your bike.
• Ride with headlights on.

Motorcycle Equipment And Operation

Any motorized vehicle operated within the park must comply with Texas motor vehicle laws and be operated ONLY upon park roadways open to the public. MOTORIZED VEHICLES ARE NOT PERMITTED ON PARK TRAILS AND ALL CROSS-COUNTRY OR OFF-ROAD TRAVEL IS PROHIBITED WITHIN THE PARK.

In addition to other traffic regulations, the following apply to operation of motorcycles (including mopeds, motor-assisted bicycles, ATC's and ATV's) on all paved and unpaved roads in Big Bend National Park.

1. One and not more than two multiple beam head lamps.
2. One red tail lamp, which shall include a brake light, white license plate light, and red reflector.
3. One rearview mirror located to reflect a view of the roadway for a 200' distance behind the motorcycle.
4. Approved protective headgear must be worn by operator and passenger under the age of 21.
5. The operator of the motorcycle must hold a valid license as a MOTORCYCLE OPERATOR and is subject to the restrictions stated upon the license.
6. It is a violation to operate a motorcycle without a muffler or with a muffler that produces unusual noises.
7. The operator shall ride only upon the permanent and regular seat, and shall not carry passengers unless the motorcycle was designed to do so.

ALL BACKCOUNTRY ROADS IN BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK ARE PUBLIC ROADS. ALL VEHICLES DRIVEN ON THESE ROADS MUST BE STREET LEGAL ACCORDING TO THE TEXAS MOTOR VEHICLE LAWS.

Alcohol Policy

To help ensure your safety and the safety of other park visitors, the following areas are closed to the possession of any open alcoholic beverage container or consumption of any alcoholic beverage:

• All park-operated visitor centers and ranger stations, to include the areas within the structures and any related developed areas adjacent to the structure which are frequented by the visiting public.
• The areas within all concessions buildings open to the general public (with the exception of the Chisos Basin Lodge dining room), the stores, and parking areas immediately adjacent to the stores at Rio Grande Village, Castolon, the Basin, and Panther Junction.
• The Langford Hot Springs area, including the parking area, the loop trail, and the area from the mouth of Tornillo Creek to 1/2 mile downstream from the springs along the Rio Grande.

Border Merchants

Since the border crossing closure of May 2002, Mexican Nationals have been known to approach visitors from across the river to purchase souvenir items (walking sticks, bracelets, crafts, etc.) at certain river locations. If you agree to look at/or purchase their items and the Mexicans cross the river, they may be arrested for being in the U.S. illegally. They will be held until deported back to Mexico through Presidio (100 miles away). Mexican merchants will be arrested for illegal commercial operations which may result in a fine and/or additional incarceration while awaiting adjudication prior to deportation.

Items purchased will be considered contraband and seized by officers when encountered. Rocks, minerals, archeological items etc. cannot be purchased, imported, or possessed in the national park.

In addition, illegal trade impacts the resources of the park in a number of negative ways, including the creation of social trails, the cutting of cane along the river, erosion of riverbanks and an increased amount of garbage and contaminants along the Rio Grande watershed. Supporting this illegal activity contributes to continued damage of the natural resources along the Rio Grande, and jeopardizes the possibility of reopening the crossings in the future.

Mexican crafts now legally available in the park
The Big Bend Natural History Association and Forever Resorts, Inc., and have made arrangements to sell crafts made in Boquillas, Mexico. This enables you to legally purchase goods made in one of the park’s neighboring villages. Walking sticks, copper scorpions, and other craft items are now purchased directly from craft artists in Boquillas, Mexico, processed at a legal U.S. Port of Entry, and sold in Big Bend National Park. Genuine Boquillas-made walking sticks are available at the Panther Junction visitor center. Copper scorpions, and other craft items are available at the gift shop at the Chisos Mountains Lodge, or the camp stores at Castolon, Rio Grande Village, or the Basin. All wholesale proceeds go directly to the artisans in Boquillas, Mexico.

To help maintain this legal endeavor we once again remind you not to purchase any items from individuals selling crafts along the river or at overlooks.

What? No Dogs On Trails?

We like dogs. In fact, we've known some dogs that were nicer than people! Here are a few reasons why we prohibit all pets on trails and in the backcountry:

1. A national park is a refuge for the animals and plants living in it. Even if your dog does not chase deer, birds, or ground critters, it still presents the image and scent of a historical predator. The result is stress on the native wildlife.
2. Pack mules carry equipment used to maintain many facilities within the park-including the trails you walk. Packers have their hands full with snorty mules without adding your dog to the picture.
3. Contagious disease can be transmitted between your dog and native coyotes and other wild animals.
4. Dogs occasionally get lost from their masters. Accustomed to civilized life, they lack the knowledge to survive in the desert and slowly succumb.
5. Finally, other people have come here to enjoy this desert park, its vast silence, and its wildlife, and do not appreciate a dog barking or growling at them, or frightening animals in the backcountry.

Please Help Us!
We need your cooperation and assistance. Abiding by these pet regulations will ensure a safer, more enjoyable visit for yourselves, other park visitors, your pet, and the park's wildlife.

Stock Use Regulations

Visitors to the park are welcome to bring and use personally owned livestock as long as they understand and abide by the rules and regulations governing the use of livestock. A backcountry day use permit is required for all stock use and may be obtained at any visitor center, free of charge.

All gravel roads are open to horse riders. Horses are not permitted upon the paved roads or the shoulders of the paved roads. Cross country horse travel is permitted throughout the park, except for the Chisos Mountains area. Horse use in the Chisos Mountains is limited to the Laguna Meadow Trail, the Southwest Rim to the junction with the Boot Canyon Trail, and the Blue Creek Trail.

Horses are not permitted on the interpretive nature trails in the park since they were only designed for foot travel. The short trails into Santa Elena and Boquillas Canyons are also restricted to pedestrians only. The Pine Canyon Trail in the Pine Canyon Designated Natural Research Area is closed to horses.

Horses are not permitted in developed campgrounds, picnic areas, near eating or sleeping facilities or other areas of concentrated visitor use. All areas of domestic water supply or other sanitation facilities are closed to horses.

Horses may not be taken into Mexico and brought back into the United States without proper authorization from the United States Department of Agriculture.

Backcountry riders must provide controlled overnight maintenance of their animals, including the provision of commercial feed. Grazing within the park is not allowed. Water must generally be hauled to the stock in the lower elevations of the park, where a semi-desert climate prevails. Stock may be watered at the Rio Grande and springs that are not utilized for domestic water supply. Check with park rangers for spring water flows in various areas of the park.

Areas of quicksand may be encountered along the streams, washes, and the Rio Grande. Desert vegetation such as lechuguilla and cactus can injure livestock.

Reasonable consideration must be given to public safety. Stock loading and unloading sites must be selected with consideration to the safety of onlookers as well as the stock. Riders must slow their horses to a walk when meeting people on foot.

Permits are required for overnight camping. All backcountry campsites are available on a first come, first served basis, except for the Hannold Draw campsite, which you can reserve up to ten weeks ahead of time. If you are unable to arrive by 6:00 PM on the first day of the reservation at Hannold Draw, you should contact the park at 432 477-1158. Failure to do so may result in a cancellation of the reservation.

Only the following backcountry campsites are open to horses:

Site Name/Number	Number of horses
K-Bar 2	4
Hannold Draw	8
Nine Point Draw	4
Nugent Mountain 2	4
Glenn Springs 2	4
La Clocha 1	4
Solis 3	6
Talley 4	4
Dominguez Trailhead	4
Jewel's Camp 1 & 2	4 each
Loop Camp 1 & 2	4 each
Johnson's Ranch 1 & 2	4 @ JR1; 2 @ JR2
Buenos Aires 1	4

Many of these campsites are located on unimproved gravel roads which may be inaccessible to horse trailers. Check at a visitor center for current road conditions.

A corral is available at the Hannold Draw Campsite. Overnight camping with horses is prohibited within 100 yards of any water source, within l/2 mile of any developed area or road, within 100 yards of any historic structure, or that portion of the park known as the Oak Springs/Cattail Falls area.

Manure and excess hay in campsites must be cleaned up and removed from the park.

Pets

Be aware that having a pet with you will limit your activities and explorations in the park. In addition, desert temperatures and predators are a serious threat to your pet's well being. Please consider the following points before deciding to bring a pet:

• Pets are not allowed on trails, off roads, or on the river. Basically, your pet can only go where your car can go.
• If you plan to hike, someone must stay behind with the pet, or you will need to make arrangements with a kennel service.
• Pet owners are required to immediately remove and properly dispose of fecal matter deposited by their pets. Deposit bag of fecal matter in a dumpster.
• Pets need to be on a leash no longer than six feet in length (or in a cage) at all times.
• You are not allowed to leave your pet unattended in vehicles if it creates a danger to the animal, or if the animal becomes a public nuisance. There is no kennel service in the park.
• Pet etiquette and park regulations require that you always clean up after your pet and dispose of waste in trash receptacles.
• Predators such as owls, coyotes, mountain lions and even javelina can and do kill pets here. Even large dogs cannot defend themselves against predators. Extreme temperatures are also a danger.

Your pet will be much happier at home!

Arriving After Hours

Big Bend is in a remote area, and most visitors drive long distances in order to reach the park. It is not unusual for visitors to arrive in the park after normal business hours. The park entrances never close, but the entrance stations and visitor centers are not open 24 hours.

Here are some things you need to know to prepare for arriving after hours.

When arriving after hours:

Entrance Fees
You may pay your entrance fee, receive a park map and information the following day at the Panther Junction Visitor Center between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. Entrance fees can also be paid at any other open visitor center during your visit.

Camping and Lodging
Campers without reservations must self-register at the campgrounds: Rio Grande Village, Chisos Basin, and Cottonwood. Check the campground map on the bulletin board at the entrance to each campground to locate the reserved and non-reserved sites.

Backcountry camping permits can only be issued during business hours at any visitor center; you cannot camp in a backcountry site if you do not arrive in time to obtain a permit.

For RV hook-ups, check at the Rio Grande Village store. For availability use a public phone or cell phone to call 432-477-2293.

Office hours at the Chisos Mountains Lodge are 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. For availability of rooms use a public phone or cell phone to call 432-477-2291.

Your Safety

Reading This Could Save Your Life!

Big Bend is unfamiliar country to most visitors, yet it need not be dangerous. Whether hiking the high country, rafting the Rio Grande, observing wildlife, or simply driving the scenic roads of this wilderness park, let safety be your constant companion. Spend a moment reviewing these common safety concerns so that you may have an enjoyable visit.

Driving
Most visitor injuries and accidental deaths in Big Bend result from car accidents. While driving is a great way to see the park, it can also be dangerous, particularly if you are tired or are going too fast. Drive within the speed limit, 45 mph maximum in the park, and watch for javelina, deer, and rabbits grazing along road shoulders, especially at night. Remember, too, that you share the road with bicyclists and pedestrians. Some park roads, such as the road into the Chisos Mountains Basin, are steep and winding and require extra caution. The Basin Road is not recommended for RVs over 24 feet or trailers over 20 feet. Finally, always select a designated driver before drinking alcoholic beverages.

Heat
Desert heat can kill you. Carry plenty of water (at least one gallon per person, per day) and wear a hat, long pants, long-sleeved shirt, and sun screen when hiking. Springs are unreliable and often dry up for a portion of the year, despite what maps indicate. Avoid hiking during mid-day in summer; travel as wild animals do, in the early morning or late evening hours rather than during the heat of the day.

Informational brochure: Survive the Sun [216k PDF File]

Hiking
Exploring this desert and mountain country on foot requires both mental and physical preparation. Trails vary from well maintained in the Chisos to primitive and barely visible in the desert. Plan hikes within your ability. Take along a map and compass and know how to use them. Flash floods may occur following thunderstorms so avoid narrow canyons or dry washes. Stay low and avoid ridges during thunderstorms. Carry a flashlight and a first aid kit. Let someone know where you're going and when you expect to return. If you get hurt or lost, stay in one place to conserve water and energy. Signal for help; three blasts on a whistle is a well-recognized distress call. In remote areas, a large "X" marked on the ground by any means visible from the air will signify that help is needed. Carry a signal mirror. Remember to obtain a free backcountry use permit before heading out overnight.

Poisonous Animals
Venomous snakes, scorpions, spiders, and centipedes are all active during the warmer months. Inspect your shoes and sleeping bags or bedding before use and always carry a flashlight at night. While snake bites are rare, they usually occur below the knee or elbow. Pay attention to where you walk and place your hands. Consider wearing high boots or protective leggings while hiking.

Mountain Lions
Big Bend is mountain lion country, especially the Chisos Mountains. While lion attacks are rare, three have occurred in the last decade. Should you encounter an aggressive mountain lion, hold your ground, wave your arms, throw stones, and shout. Never run. Keep groups together and consider hiking elsewhere with young children if you come across a special mountain lion warning sign posted at a trailhead.

Swimming
Hot weather makes the muddy Rio Grande look very inviting, but swimming is not recommended. Water-borne micro-organisms and other waste materials can occur in the river and cause serious illness. The river can be hazardous, even in calm-looking water. Strong undercurrents, deep holes, and shallow areas with sharp rocks and large tree limbs are common and make the Rio Grande unsafe for swimming. If you do choose to swim, wear a life jacket and avoid alcohol.

Bears and other wildlife
Black bears, javelinas, skunks, coyotes, and raccoons frequent Big Bend's campgrounds. Although they sometimes appear tame, all of the animals in the park are wild, and could pose a threat to your health and safety if you attempt to approach or feed them. Never feed any of Big Bend's wildlife. To prevent these creatures from becoming habituated to people, store all food, coolers, cooking utensils, and toiletries in a hard-sided vehicle, preferably in the trunk of your car. Food storage lockers are available for hikers and campers in the Chisos Mountains. Dispose of garbage properly. At the Chisos Basin Campground, throw away garbage in the special bear-proof dumpsters and trash cans provided. Remember to report sightings of bears and lions to a ranger.

Fire
Fire danger is always an important safety consideration in Big Bend. Wood or ground fires are not permitted in the park, and you must exercise caution in the use of gas stoves, charcoal grills, and cigarettes. Big Bend has experienced drought conditions in the past several years and some restrictions may apply to the use of these heat sources. Check with a ranger for the latest information about fire safety in the park.

Big Bend truly is wild country. In fact, many people visit Big Bend precisely because it is remote and rugged. But remember, as you enjoy the splendor of this great wilderness area, to make safety a priority. By giving forethought to your actions you can have a safe, exciting, and rewarding vacation in Big Bend National Park.

Rock Climbing Regulations

Definition
Technical rock climbing is defined as any activity involving the use of rope to ascend or descend rock.

General Information
Sturdy rock lending itself to safe rock climbing is very limited in the park. The great majority of the park's exposed vertical rock is composed of unstable igneous rock and sharp fluted limestone.

Regulations

1. The use of portable electric drills is prohibited.
2. The use of hand operated drills is allowed only with the written approval of the Superintendent.
3. Climbing, ascending, descending, or traversing an archeological or cultural resource is prohibited.
4. Technical rock climbing on rock faces within ¼ mile of known peregrine eyries, as posted, will not be allowed between February 1 and May 31.
5. The rock faces of Casa Grande peak are closed to climbing.
6. All trash, including toilet paper, must be packed out.
7. Because colored chalk can permanently stain rock, only white chalk without oil-based additives may be used.
8. All webbing must be removed upon conclusion of climbing activities.

ATV Use Prohibited

All-Terrain Vehicle Use Prohibited within Big Bend National Park

Please Remember:

• No "off-road" vehicle travel is allowed in Big Bend National Park. All vehicles must stay on established roadways.
• All vehicles driven in the park, on paved or unpaved roads, must be "street legal" in the state of Texas. The use of "ATV's" is prohibited in Big Bend National Park

Regulations concerning ATV use are not specifically addressed in 36 C.F.R. The use of such vehicles is governed by state law as outlined in 36 C.F.R. Section 4.2 — State Law Applicable. Section 4.2 (b) states that violating a provision of State law is prohibited.

Under the Texas Traffic Laws, Transportation Code — TRC section 663.037 the operation of an ATV on a public roadway is prohibited.

An ATV is defined as "a motor vehicle that is (A) equipped with a saddle for the use of the rider; (B) designed to propel itself with three or four tires in contact with the ground; and (C) designed by the manufacturer for off-highway use by the operator only.

If the vehicle meets this description, it cannot be driven on public roadways in Texas and it cannot be registered with the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles.

ALL BACKCOUNTRY ROADS IN BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK ARE PUBLIC ROADS. ALL VEHICLES DRIVEN ON THESE ROADS MUST BE STREET LEGAL ACCORDING TO THE TEXAS MOTOR VEHICLE LAWS.

Safety Considerations For Parents

Big Bend is a wild and natural place with many opportunities to explore nature with your children.

Don't panic; with a few simple precautions you and your family should have a wonderful time getting to know the park.

River Use Regulations

For the river environment’s protection and your safety, observe these regulations on both sides of the river and on private land along the Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River.

Any river user must obtain a National Park Service backcountry-use permit before watercraft is placed or operated on the Rio Grande within Big Bend National Park and for overnight trips on the Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River downstream from the park. Day-use inner tubes are exempt.

The following are special conditions of all river use permits:

• Each person shall have a wearable U.S. Coast Guard approved personal flotation device (PFD) which is properly fitted, in serviceable condition, and immediately accessible while on the river. Type I, III, or V PFD's are required for Santa Elena, Mariscal, and the Lower Canyons. PFDs must be worn in Class II or greater difficulty whitewater. PFDs are recommended but are not required for people floating the river on inner tubes.
• Each group shall carry one extra type I, III or V PFD.
• Each vessel shall carry an extra paddle or oar; kayaks shall have an extra paddle per party.
• Each group using inflatable vessels, except air mattresses or inner tubes traveling with a support vessel through the major canyons, will carry an operable pump and a patch kit capable of making major repairs.
• No vessels shall carry more than a safe load (in persons or total weight) considering type of craft, intended use area, and water and weather conditions.
• Inner tubes are not allowed in Mariscal Canyon, Santa Elena Canyon, and Lower Canyons.
• A group, organization or commercial operator may start no more than 20 persons per day, not including guides, on the Rio Grande within the Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River downstream of the eastern boundary of Big Bend National Park.

Motorized watercraft used within the park is limited to conventional boats with up to 60 horsepower inboard or outboard motors. Jet skis are not allowed in the park.

Gas-powered motorized watercraft will be prohibited on the following sections of the Rio Grande River:

• Santa Elena Canyon, from the western park boundary to the Santa Elena Canyon take-out
• Boquillas Canyon, from the entrance of Boquillas Canyon to the eastern boundary of the park.

Gas-powered motorized watercraft will be prohibited on the following section of the Rio Grande River except for the month of October:

• Mariscal Canyon, from Talley to Solis.

Starts and Group Size 
A start is defined as a launch or an entry from another river segment. River segments are defined as follows:

Respect property rights and do not trespass on posted land.

Firearms, other weapons, explosives, and traps are prohibited.

Pets are not permitted on the river or in any other part of the backcountry.

The destruction, injury, defacement, removal, or disturbance of any natural or cultural feature is prohibited.

Peregrine Falcon Closures
The Rio Grande canyons contain critical peregrine falcon habitat. To minimize disturbance on nesting falcons, the NPS closes the following areas between February 1 and May 31:

Fires on the River
River users must contain campfires in firepans. Burn only charcoal or down and dead wood. Carry out all floatable remnants of the fire; non-floatable debris should be carried out, or may be disposed of in the main current of the river. Reduce impacts by using only charcoal or self-contained stoves.

Deposit refuse, including cigarette butts and toilet paper, only in facilities designed for that purpose at take-outs or subsequent points. Strain liquids, including dishwater, and deposit them in the river. Carry out strained materials.

All solid human waste must be carried out, with the following exception: kayak-only or single-canoe trips. Carryout is encouraged, but not required, between the Santa Elena Takeout and Talley, and between Solis and the Boquillas Canyon entrance.

Jug fishing is not permitted within Big Bend National Park. Trot lines may not span the river.

Camping is not permitted in the following areas: from the upstream end of the Santa Elena Canyon Nature Trail to 3/4 mile downstream from Castolon; within 1/2 mile of the San Vicente Crossing; and from La Clocha to the Boquillas Canyon Trail terminus.

Consumption of alcoholic beverages in the Langford Hot Springs area is prohibited.

Report any accident with an injury or property damage of $100 or more to the NPS.

Special regulations, available at visitor centers and ranger stations, pertain to motor use on the river.

Recommendations
The NPS recommends the following for your safety and the protection of the river environment:

• When the river exceeds 2,000 cubic feet per second (cfs) on the Johnson’s Ranch gauge, permits should be limited to the following boats in Santa Elena, Mariscal, and Lower Canyons: inflatable rafts with a minimum of three air chambers (excluding thwarts) and minimum dimensions of 6 by 12 feet; rigid, decked canoes and kayaks that exclude water when used with a spray skirt; open canoes 50 percent filled with flotation; dories; and sport kayaks. This suggestion also applies when an upstream rise causes any such section to exceed 2,000 cfs.
• Wear PFDs at all times; carry one extra per trip. Type II PFDs (horsecollar) are not allowed in Santa Elena, Mariscal, or the Lower Canyons and not recommended in the other sections.
• Each river party should carry a suitable amount of survival gear, including a first aid kit, extra water, sun protection, rain gear, a throwline, and an extra rope at least 50 feet long and 3/8 inch in diameter.
• The safe capacity for inflatable craft should be considered 1/2 the manufacturer’s rated load. If no such rating can be found, the mid-line of the boat should be at least 2 inches above the water line. The safe capacity for canoes is no more than 2 persons and 100 pounds of gear in Class III or greater whitewater.
• All major rapids should be scouted. Consider portaging.
• Springs may be contaminated. Treat water from a natural source before drinking.
• Because sudden river rises occur, camp well above the high water mark and out of any side canyon or arroyo. Secure boats with ropes and tie each craft separately.
• Theft of property from unoccupied vehicles and campsites is a problem in remote areas. Leave no valuables in vehicles.
• In the event of an emergency, an “X” marked on the ground by any means visible from the air signifies that help is needed. Carry two 3-by-10-foot strips of international orange colored material and a signal mirror. Flights over the river are limited; do not count on being spotted quickly.

Jug fishing is not permitted within Big Bend National Park. Trot lines may not span the river.

Camping is not permitted in the following areas: from the upstream end of the Santa Elena Canyon Nature Trail to 3/4 mile downstream from Castolon; within 1/2 mile of the San Vicente Crossing; and from La Clocha to the Boquillas Canyon Trail terminus.

Consumption of alcoholic beverages in the Langford Hot Springs area is prohibited.

Report any accident with an injury or property damage of $100 or more to the NPS.

Special regulations, available at visitor centers and ranger stations, pertain to motor use on the river.

Boating Regulations

Boating Regulations for Big Bend National Park and the Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River

Part 3, Title 36, Code of Federal Regulations, as well as the U.S. Coast Guard and State law establish the regulations for boating in Big Bend National Park and the Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River. These pertain to the United States side of the Rio Grande and certain other park waters. Some of the regulations are condensed here for your convenience; full regulations may be examined at Park Headquarters.

BOAT PERMITS: A permit is required for day and overnight boating in Big Bend National Park. A permit is also required on the Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River below the park but is not required for day use. The permit is available free of charge from any Park Ranger or at the park visitor centers.

Gas-powered motorized watercraft will be prohibited on the following sections of the Rio Grande River:

Gas-powered motorized watercraft will be prohibited on the following section of the Rio Grande River except for the month of October:

PERSONAL FLOTATION DEVICES (PFDs): Boats of less than 16 feet in length (including canoes and kayaks) must be equipped with one wearable Coast Guard approved PFD for each person aboard.

Boats 16 feet and longer must be equipped with one wearable Coast Guard approved PFD for each person plus one Type IV (throwable) device.

All craft are required to use Type I, III, or V PFDs in Santa Elena, Mariscal, and the Lower Canyons. PFDs must be worn in Class II or greater whitewater.

BOAT NUMBERS AND REGISTRATION: All motorboats must be numbered and have a certificate of number in full force and effect. Numbers shall be three inches in height or greater, and be placed on each side of the bow along with a validation decal.

WATER-SKIING: Water-skiing, or the towing of persons by motorized vessels, is prohibited.

ACCIDENTS: All accidents involving an injury or with property damage of $100 or more shall be reported to the superintendent within 24 hours.

Backcountry Regulations

You are responsible for protecting the resources of your park; these regulations are enforced.

1. GROUNDFIRES AND WOODFIRES ARE PROHIBITED.
Use only gas stoves or charcoal within a BBQ grill. Pack out all evidence of use. Note: charcoal fires are only allowed at backcountry roadside campsites and not allowed in the High Chisos or zone camping areas.

2. PACK OUT ALL LITTER.
Help preserve the park's natural beauty by packing out all litter, including cigarette butts and toilet paper.

3. NO PETS ON TRAILS OR IN BACKCOUNTRY.
Pets may harm or be harmed by wildlife, and can attract predators.

4. DO NOT CUT SWITCHBACKS ON TRAILS.
Although cross-country hiking is allowed, help prevent trail erosion by staying on marked trails.

5. COLLECTING ANY NATURAL OR HISTORICAL FEATURE OR OBJECT IS PROHIBITED.
Leave park features intact for others to enjoy.

6. CONTAMINATING NATURAL WATER SOURCES AND THEIR SURROUNDINGS IS PROHIBITED. CAMP AT LEAST 100 YARDS FROM ANY WATER SOURCE.
Desert water sources and springs are fragile and vital for the plants and animals that depend on them for survival. Soaps, oils, skin lotions, and food residues from bathing and washing can seriously impact water quality. Minimize your impact to areas surrounding springs, seeps, and other temporal water sources.

7. CAMP WITHIN DESIGNATED SITES.
When camping in a designated site prevent resource damage by camping within the area outlined by rocks, logs, or brush.

8. GENERATOR USE IS NOT PERMITTED IN BACKCOUNTRY CAMPSITES.
Natural quiet is a protected resource; help preserve a quiet wilderness experience.

9. IN OPEN ZONES, CAMP AT LEAST 1/2 MILE AND OUT OF SIGHT FROM ANY ROAD AND AT LEAST 100 YDS. FROM ANY TRAIL, HISTORICAL STRUCTURE, ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE, DRY WASH, OR CLIFF EDGE.
Minimize your impact to the natural landscape.

10. BURY HUMAN WASTE AT LEAST 6 INCHES DEEP. PACK OUT TOILET PAPER.
Human waste is unsightly and unsanitary. Carry a digging trowel. Locate latrines 1/4 mile from any water source and well away from camp.

11. POSSESSION OF FIREARMS, OTHER WEAPONS, AND TRAPS IS PROHIBITED.

12. MOTORIZED VEHICLES & BICYCLES ARE PERMITTED ONLY ON DESIGNATED PUBLIC ROADS.
Off-road vehicle travel causes visual and environmental damage.

13. DO NOT FEED WILDLIFE.
Feeding wildlife is illegal; it often results in having to destroy the animal. Keep food in a hard-sided vehicle or food storage locker where provided.

Better Safe Than Sorry

"How often do people get bitten by rattlesnakes here?" "When was the last mountain lion attack?" "Are tarantulas poisonous?"

Rangers hear these questions almost daily. While these visitor concerns are certainly valid, injuries from animals tend to be either minor or rare. Rattlesnakes have bitten only 5 people in the park in the past 20 or so years, mountain lion attacks are even less common, and neither animal has killed anyone here in the park's history. And while tarantulas may bite if provoked, they are not dangerous to humans. In fact, park plants - notably cactus and lechuguilla - injure far more visitors than do the animals.

Park staff appreciate that visitors are concerned about their safety, but we would like to see visitors channel this concern into more common and more serious safety issues. The following is a list of the ways in which visitors most frequently imperil themselves and others.

Driving or riding in a motor vehicle is by far the most dangerous activity in the park, especially for those who fail to wear seatbelts. In the 13-month period from March 2004 through April 2005, there were 16 vehicle accidents here, with one fatality. One involved two vehicles backing into each other in a parking lot; the others were all single-vehicle accidents. In the past four years, three people have been killed when they were thrown from rolling vehicles. Excessive speed, alcohol or drug impairment, wet or icy pavement, gravel, sharp curves, and wildlife in the road can all cause drivers to lose control. Park speed limits may seem slow, but there are reasons for these limits. Slow down, enjoy the scenery, wear your seatbelt, and watch for hazards! (Note: Federal regulations require that ALL vehicle passengers wear seatbelts!)

Failing to drink enough water while involved in strenuous activity in the heat is the second leading cause of visitor problems here. In the same 13-month period mentioned above, park staff responded to six dehydration/heat stress incidents, including one fatality. People frequently underestimate both the desert heat and how much water they'll need to drink here. Temperatures can reach over 110 degrees in the summer; even during the winter, they can climb to the 80s or even the 90s. Perspiration evaporates so quickly in this arid climate that people may be unaware of how much water they're losing. During the warmer months, limit physical activity to the cooler morning hours. Carry plenty of water or sports drinks, and drink before you feel thirsty. Depending on the temperature and your level of activity, you may need to drink a gallon of water per day…or more. Monitor yourself and your companions for signs of heat stress and dehydration: headache, irritability, lethargy, confusion, and decreased urine output are all early indicators of problems.

Use caution around cliff edges. Much of the rock here is unstable and fractures easily, and there's nothing soft below it to break your fall. In the past six years, four people have fallen to their deaths in the park.

Watch the weather. Winter storms and thunderstorms can move in quickly. Hypothermia and lightning have both taken lives here. Rain can cause flash floods many miles away, so even if the sky overhead is clear, be careful around creek beds and the Rio Grande during the rainy season.

About 350,000 people visit Big Bend National Park each year. Most of them leave the park with wonderful memories and nothing more serious than sunburn or a cactus spine. With a little planning and caution, you can be one of these visitors…and not a Big Bend statistic.

 

Visiting a Border Area

Viewing the sun set against the Sierra del Carmen mountains is a sublime Big Bend experience, underlined by the irony that the mountains aren't a part of the National Park; in fact, they aren't even located in the United States. In addition to defining the curve that forms the Big Bend, the Rio Grande also serves as the international boundary between the United States and Mexico. Throughout much of its history the border along the Rio Grande has often been fluid, allowing people of both countries to come and go as needed. However, the border is an artificial boundary imposed on the natural environment, and as such is subject to political and social pressures.

Increased border restrictions following the 2001 terrorist attacks have led to a number of important changes that affect the international boundary in Big Bend. A visit to Big Bend is a wonderful experience to learn about the park's history and to experience a wide variety of natural history and recreation options. The park's border with Mexico is part of our shared landscape and a chance to experience and learn about our neighbors. A few simple steps can help keep the park safe for everyone who is here. The following pages provide the information you need to know to have a safe and enjoyable visit along the Big Bend of the Rio Grande.

When Visiting A Border Park
Big Bend National Park shares the border with Mexico for 118 miles. This is a remote region.

Visitors should be aware that drug smuggling routes pass through the park. If you see any activity which looks illegal, suspicious, or out of place, please do not intervene. Note your location. Call 911 or report it to a ranger as quickly as possible.

Each year hundreds of people travel north through the park seeking to enter the United States. It is possible you could encounter an individual or small group trying to walk through the park with little or no water. Please do not stop, but instead, note your location and immediately call 911 or contact a ranger as soon as possible. Lack of water is a life-threatening emergency in the desert.

Fishing Regulations

FISHING REGULATIONS FOR BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK AND THE RIO GRANDE WILD AND SCENIC RIVER

Section 2.3 and Section 7.41, Title 36, Code of Federal Regulations, as well as State law establish the regulations for fishing in Big Bend National Park and the Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River as applicable to the United States side of the Rio Grande and certain other park waters. The regulations are condensed here for your convenience; full regulations may be examined at any Visitor Center.

SEASON: Open all year

OPEN WATERS: Rio Grande only

CLOSED WATERS: Special ponds and springs are reserved for the preservation of rare fish and the taking or release of any form of fish life is prohibited.

LICENSE: A State fishing license is not required in Big Bend National Park, but a free NPS fishing permit (obtained from a visitor center) is required. State license required on the Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River outside the Park.

LEGAL METHODS FOR FISHING: Pole and line; rod, reel, and line; throw (hand) line; trot line. Trot lines (attached at both ends) and throw lines (attached at one end only) must have gear tags attached marked with name, address, and date. Flagging for relocation of lines shall be tied to the line, not vegetation. Flagging and lines are to be removed when fishing is completed. Jug lines (a line tied to a free-floating device) are legal on the Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River outside the park, but must have gear tags that are marked and dated.

PROHIBITED METHODS: Jug lines are illegal in the park. Fishing with traps, spears, drugs, poisons, explosives, electricity, or any other method not identified as legal is illegal. Chumming is illegal. Seines and nets are prohibited, except that minnow seines no greater in length than 20 feet may be used for taking bait minnows from the Rio Grande.

LIMIT: 25 fish per person per day or in possession in Big Bend National Park. State limits apply on the Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River. Limits do not apply to bait minnows.

SALE OF FISH: Fishing for profit or commercial use is prohibited.

BAIT: Terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates are protected in the Park. No collecting of worms, larval insects, or other non-fish life forms is allowed. Use of live bait, except minnows obtained from the Rio Grande within the Park or within the Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River, is not allowed.

ABANDONMENT OF PROPERTY: Leaving any personal property, including trot and throw lines, unattended for longer than 24 hours, without prior permission of the Superintendent, is prohibited, and any property so left may be impounded.

CAMPING AND BOATING PERMITS: A permit is required for boating or backcountry camping in Big Bend National Park and overnight boating in the Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River outside the park. The permit is available free of charge from any Park Ranger or at the park visitor centers.

LITTER AND TRASH: Please dispose of all trash properly. Toilet paper must be carried out as trash, not buried. Fish parts must be carried out or deposited in the main river current.

GENERATORS: Generators and other portable motors or engines (excluding boat motors) cannot be operated in nondeveloped areas. Backcountry campsites are considered nondeveloped areas.

BOATS: All motorboats are required to be numbered in accordance with state regulations.